Sample A
An increased body wight was associated with an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes.
Sample B
Obese people with high blood glucose had heart disease more frequently.
The answer may be different on a situation to situation basis. Basically, these two sentences have the same meaning, but sound differently. I was taught to make a sentence like Sample A but not Sample B when I write a medical article. I believe that the same goes with almost all fields of science.
Some might insist that Sample A is more accurate than Sample B, although Sample B is easier to figure out in practice. I used to think so, but recently, I have been wondering whether the difference between Samples A and B should be considered academically significant.
I believe that articles in the New England Journal of Medicine, which is the top journal in clinical medicine, can be a good role model on how to write scientific articles. According to my experience of the journal for more that 15 years, the trend seems to favor Sample B, although most sentences are still in an area of Sample A.
Simple is best. This is what my mentor told me when writing manuscripts. In my opinion, academics tend to like using difficult words to understand in addition to jargon. I would not be happy if I were such a person. So, I have to keep this golden rule in mind: the easier it is, the more it works.